Esterfication essays

Esterfication essays Scientists: Christopher Inness David Coker In Organic Chemistry there is a system for naming different organic compounds, called the IUPAC naming system. There are numerous organic compounds, due mainly to the bonding abilities of carbon. Each type of carbon-carbon bond and each functional group bonded to a carbon, form different family groups; esters, alcohols and carboxylic acids are separate family groups within Organic Chemistry. Alcohols are also known as alkanols and contain a hydroxyl group (-OH). Carboxylic acids contain a carboxyl group (O=C-OH) and are also known as alkanoic acids. An alkyl group is a straight chain of carbons with one spare bond, which bonds usually to another carbon. Esters are also known as alkyl alkanoates and are a combination of carboxylic acids and alcohols. A branched chain is a straight chain of carbons with an alkyl or aryl group attached. The IUPAC naming system for naming organic compounds is as follows: 1. Find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms, which if necessary contains the most significant functional group  ¡V this is the parent stem. (The parent stem is the most important straight chain in the compound. A functional group is a polyatomic ion or a halogen attached to a carbon.) 2. Identify any other less substantial functional groups. 3. Number the parent chain so that the functional groups and multiply bonds have the lowest possible number. 4. Use prefixes to indicate multiples of any functional groups. (2 di-, 3 tri-) 5. List the functional groups in alphabetical order followed by the parent stem. Æ’ÃÅ"  ¡, ¡ between the numbers. Æ’ÃÅ"  ¡- ¡between numbers and names. The list of importance for substitute groups is: Importance Functional Group Prefix or suffix if not part of the parent stem The production of an ester is known as esterfication. The process of esterfication is a reaction between an alcohol and carboxylic acid to form an ester a...

ESL Shopping Vocabulary Exercise to Fill in the Gap

ESL Shopping Vocabulary Exercise to Fill in the Gap Put each of the following words or phrases in the correct gap. tag, label, cashier, bargain, receipt, exchange, take back, try on, fit, advice, shop assistant, credit card, check, select, cash, refund, size, sale If you want to go shopping there are a number of things you have to consider. If you would like to find a _____ you should make sure to go to a _____. The only problem with a sale is that it is sometimes hard to _____ something once you buy it. Many stores also refuse to give a _____ on anything you have bought. If you are looking for clothes, make sure to _____, check the _____ to make sure that it is a good _____. Another good idea is to look at the _____ and _____ to see instructions for washing, etc. Its always a good idea to also ask the _____ for _____. Finally, when you go to the _____ you can usually pay by _____ or _____ if you dont have the _____. Never forget to get the _____! Answers tag, label, cashier, bargain, receipt, exchange, take back, try on, fit, advice,  shop assistant, credit card, check, select, cash, refund, size, sale If you want to go shopping there are a number of things you have to consider. If you would like to find a  bargain  you should make sure to go to a  sale.  The only problem with a sale is that it is sometimes hard to  exchange  something once you buy it. Many stores also refuse to give a  refund  on anything you have bought. If you are looking for clothes, make sure to  try them on,  check the  size  to make sure that it is a good  fit.  Another good idea is to look at the  tag  and  label  to see instructions for washing, etc. Its always a good idea to also ask the  shop assistant  for  advice.  Finally, when you go to the  cashier  you can usually pay by  credit card  or  check  if you dont have the  cash. Never forget to get the  receipt!